Protect your little one with Hepatitis Screening During Pregnancy

Pregnancy is a beautiful journey filled with anticipation, dreams, and heavy responsibility. While many women focus on eating right, taking vitamins, and attending routine checkups, one important health check often goes unnoticed—hepatitis screening.

My Story

In 2021, I was posted to a general hospital in a South-South state of Nigeria for my National Youth Service Corps (NYSC). Honestly, I wasn’t thrilled. I had hoped for a big city experience—Abuja, Lagos, or even Port Harcourt. I tried every connection I had, but nothing worked. Eventually, I packed my bags and made the long, bumpy journey to my new station. As I watched the endless stretch of bushes pass by, I cried. This wasn’t the NYSC I imagined, but everything changed when I arrived at the hospital. 

Next to the main hospital stood a beautifully structured building with the sign: “Maternity Referral Centre.” That building gave me hope—it stood as a testament to something good happening in that community. I soon learned from one of the nurses that the state government had built the Centre to reduce the high maternal death rate in the area. Most women in the community gave birth at home or with traditional birth attendants, without proper medical supervision. Sadly, complications were common. Many of these complications led to death.

Over time, some of these mothers and their babies would come to the hospital with unusual symptoms such as yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice). Most tests revealed that both mother and child were hepatitis positive. Shocked, many mothers would ask, “How could my baby have hepatitis?”

That question sparked a wave of awareness in the community about the importance of antenatal care, including hepatitis screening. Gradually, more women started showing up for proper checkups, and the maternity Centre became a beacon of hope and life. That experience solidified my passion for maternal health. Finally, I was starting to find purpose in this place.

Here is what every woman should know about hepatitis during pregnancy

Hepatitis

A viral infection that affects the liver and results in inflammation. 

There are 5 types of hepatitis: A, B, C, D and E.  Hepatitis B and C are the deadliest forms of Hepatitis, leading to chronic diseases which, if not properly managed, can lead to liver failure or liver cancers. 

How is Hepatitis B transmitted?

Hepatitis can be transmitted from person to person by direct blood contact, unprotected sex, sharing hygienic equipment like a razor, toothbrush or earrings, sharing needles, tattoos, piercings, barbers or during circumcisions and from a mother to her child during birth.

Hepatitis in pregnancy

Viral hepatitis in pregnancy increases the risk for pregnancy‐related complications, as well as the risks associated with acute and chronic liver disease for both the mother and the infant as a result of mother‐to‐child transmission (MTCT). When a woman is pregnant, undetected hepatitis increases the risk of transmitting the virus to her baby, either during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding (in the case of Hepatitis B). Hepatitis in pregnancy can result in preterm birth (premature baby), abruption of the placenta, low birth weight, fetal distress, still birth, acute liver failure, and in the mother, hypertension in pregnancy can be observed as reported also in the community where I served. 

Signs and symptoms to look out for

At the early stage of hepatitis infection, there are usually no signs. Absolutely nothing tells you something is wrong there, but as the virus continues to infiltrate the liver, you begin to notice jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), dark urine, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and extreme fatigue. While these symptoms can also indicate other disease states, screening for hepatitis is the most effective way for you to know you have hepatitis.

Preventing Hepatitis

• Get screened to know your status as early detection saves.
• Vaccination provides over 95% protection against Hepatitis A and B.
• Proper hygiene like, washing hands after using the toilet and eating properly washed and cooked food can help prevent infection with Hepatitis A and E.
• Practice safe sex; using a condom.
• Avoid sharing personal items and sharp objects.

Stay tuned for part 2. There you will see practical steps to keeping your baby safe.